---
title: A Kaffir, when eating, commonly shares his food with any others who… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: A Kaffir, when eating, commonly shares his food with any others who may be present at the time. Who acts: Kaffir, others. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 7

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A Kaffir, when eating, commonly shares his food with any others who may be present at the time.

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**Who acts:** Kaffir, others · **What happens:** eat, share, be · **To what, where:** food

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaffir, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:38:7
# text = A Kaffir, when eating, commonly shares his food with any others who may be present at the time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	commonly	commonly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	shares	share	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
15	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
17	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **share** | present | a Kaffir | Kaffir's food |  |  |  | with any others | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | may | any others |  |  |  | time | present *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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