---
title: It is generally told by the Kaffirs, but I have observed that it is… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: It is generally told by the Kaffirs, but I have observed that it is a special favourite in places only where there is a very strong tinge of Hottentot blood. Who acts: Kaffirs, I, story. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., with its dependency tr
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 2

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It is generally told by the Kaffirs, but I have observed that it is a special favourite in places only where there is a very strong tinge of Hottentot blood.

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**Who acts:** Kaffirs, I, story · **What happens:** tell, observe, be · **To what, where:** story, strong tinge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaffirs, I, story), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:39:2
# text = It is generally told by the Kaffirs, but I have observed that it is a special favourite in places only where there is a very strong tinge of Hottentot blood.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Kaffirs	kaffir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
17	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
18	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
21	only	only	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	24	advmod	_	_
23	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	24	expl	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	very	very	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	tinge	tinge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	advcl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	Hottentot	Hottentot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive | the Kaffirs | story |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **observe** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | story | a strong tinge |  |  |  | of Hottentot blood; special favourite places *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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