---
title: The following is another version of this story of the Bird that made… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The following is another version of this story of the Bird that made Milk, as current among the Barolongs, a tribe speaking the Sechuana language, and residing beyond the Orange River. Who acts: Bird, tribe. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Bird That Made Mil
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II., sentence 1

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The following is another version of this story of the Bird that made Milk, as current among the Barolongs, a tribe speaking the Sechuana language, and residing beyond the Orange River.

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**Who acts:** Bird, tribe · **What happens:** follow, be, make, speak, reside · **To what, where:** Milk, Sechuana language, Orange River · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bird, tribe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:4:1
# text = The following is another version of this story of the Bird that made Milk, as current among the Barolongs, a tribe speaking the Sechuana language, and residing beyond the Orange River.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	case	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	Milk	Milk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	current	current	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
18	among	among	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Barolongs	Barolongs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
24	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	acl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	Sechuana	Sechuana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	residing	reside	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	conj	_	_
31	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	Orange	Orange	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	34	compound	_	_
34	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | follow the version; of this story of the Bird | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | past | the Bird | Milk |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset milk=Product |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  | among the Barolongs | tree rules |
| 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | a tribe *not said here* | the Sechuana language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **reside** | gerund | a tribe *not said here* |  |  | the Orange River |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beyond river=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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