---
title: Then he went and laid himself down by the head of the garden, under… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he went and laid himself down by the head of the garden, under the same house which the bird used always to stand upon. Who acts: thing, same house. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II., sentence 24

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Then he went and laid himself down by the head of the garden, under the same house which the bird used always to stand upon.

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**Who acts:** thing, same house · **What happens:** go, lay down, bird, use, stand · **To what, where:** same house, thing, bird

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thing, same house), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:4:24
# text = Then he went and laid himself down by the head of the garden, under the same house which the bird used always to stand upon.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	under	under	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
23	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	25	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
26	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | thing |  |  | the same house | then |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under house=Location |
| 2 | **lay down** | past | thing *not said here* | thing |  |  |  | by the head of the garden | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent himself=Theme by head=Destination |
| 3 | **bird** |  | the same house |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **use** | participle |  | the bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **stand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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