---
title: Among them was a brave boy, named Mosemanyanamatong, who encouraged… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Among them was a brave boy, named Mosemanyanamatong, who encouraged them, and said: Who acts: children, Mosemanyanamatong. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II., sentence 71

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Among them was a brave boy, named Mosemanyanamatong, who encouraged them, and said:

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**Who acts:** children, Mosemanyanamatong · **What happens:** be, name, encourage, say · **To what, where:** brave boy, children · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, Mosemanyanamatong), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:4:71
# text = Among them was a brave boy, named Mosemanyanamatong, who encouraged them, and said:
1	Among	among	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	Mosemanyanamatong	Mosemanyanamatong	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | among a brave boy | tree rules |
| 2 | **name** | participle |  | a brave boy *not said here* |  |  |  | Mosemanyanamatong *xcomp* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **encourage** | past | Mosemanyanamatong | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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