---
title: The girl, thus left alone, went to a forest close by, and climbed up… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The girl, thus left alone, went to a forest close by, and climbed up a tree to hide herself. Who acts: girl. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 16

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The girl, thus left alone, went to a forest close by, and climbed up a tree to hide herself.

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**Who acts:** girl · **What happens:** leave, go, climb up, hide · **To what, where:** girl, forest, tree

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:7:16
# text = The girl, thus left alone, went to a forest close by, and climbed up a tree to hide herself.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
22	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | participle |  | the girl *not said here* |  |  |  | alone, thus *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | the girl |  |  | a forest |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to forest=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **climb up** | past |  | a tree |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |
| 4 | **hide** | to-infinitive |  | girl |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herself=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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