---
title: He heard this repeated twice, and, without looking to see what was c… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: He heard this repeated twice, and, without looking to see what was crying, he ran home and told the chief. Who acts: man, this. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 19

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He heard this repeated twice, and, without looking to see what was crying, he ran home and told the chief.

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**Who acts:** man, this · **What happens:** hear, repeat, look, see, cry, run · **To what, where:** this, chief · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:7:19
# text = He heard this repeated twice, and, without looking to see what was crying, he ran home and told the chief.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	_
4	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
5	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
19	home	home	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | man | this |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **repeat** | participle | this *not said here* |  |  |  |  | twice *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **look** | gerund | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | past · progressive |  |  |  |  |  | what *nsubj* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **run** | past | man |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | man *not said here* |  | the chief |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent chief=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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