--- title: After they had been there a long time, they found that the cows whic… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: After they had been there a long time, they found that the cows which the chief sent with them were giving more milk than they could consume, so they poured what was left in a hole in the ground. Who acts: others, cows. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who D --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/7/27/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/7/) / 27 # Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 27 After they had been there a long time, they found that the cows which the chief sent with them were giving more milk than they could consume, so they poured what was left in a hole in the ground. **Who acts:** others, cows · **What happens:** be, find, chief, send, give, consume · **To what, where:** chief, more milk, hole This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others, cows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:7:27 # text = After they had been there a long time, they found that the cows which the chief sent with them were giving more milk than they could consume, so they poured what was left in a hole in the ground. 1 After after SCONJ IN _ 5 mark _ _ 2 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 3 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 cop _ _ 5 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 11 advcl _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 that that SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 cows cow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 15 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 sent send VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 acl _ _ 19 with with ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ _ 21 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 giving give VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 ccomp _ _ 23 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 amod _ _ 24 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 than than SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 consume consume VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 so so ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 poured pour VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ _ 33 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux:pass _ _ 35 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 ccomp _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 42 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past · perfect | others *= other* | | | | time | there *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **find** | past | others *= other* | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **chief** | | the cows | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **send** | participle | | the chief *not said here* | | | | with others *= other* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **give** | past · progressive | the cows | more milk | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Theme | | 6 | **consume** | could | others *= other* | | | | | | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **pour** | past | others *= other* | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **leave** | past · passive | | | | a hole in the ground | | what *nsubj:pass* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in hole=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/7/26/) - next →: [sentence 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/7/28/) - ↑ back to [Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/7/)