---
title: To their amazement, the milk rose, and rose, and rose, higher and st… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: To their amazement, the milk rose, and rose, and rose, higher and still higher, till at last it stood up out of the ground like a great overhanging rock. Who acts: milk, others. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., with i
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 28

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To their amazement, the milk rose, and rose, and rose, higher and still higher, till at last it stood up out of the ground like a great overhanging rock.

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**Who acts:** milk, others · **What happens:** rise, stand up, overhang, amaze · **To what, where:** amazement, last

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (milk, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:7:28
# text = To their amazement, the milk rose, and rose, and rose, higher and still higher, till at last it stood up out of the ground like a great overhanging rock.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	amazement	amazement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	still	still	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	obl	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
25	up	up	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	out	out	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
30	like	like	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
33	overhanging	overhang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	34	amod	_	_
34	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | the milk |  |  | others's amazement |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to amazement=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **rise** | past | the milk *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rise** | past | the milk *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stand up** | past | milk |  |  | last |  | out the ground; like a great overhanging rock | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at last=Location |
| 5 | **overhang** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **amaze** |  | others *= other* |  |  |  |  |  | nom amazement «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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