---
title: Soon afterwards a young chief who was passing by saw the girl, and f… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Soon afterwards a young chief who was passing by saw the girl, and fell in love with her. Who acts: young chief. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 31

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Soon afterwards a young chief who was passing by saw the girl, and fell in love with her.

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**Who acts:** young chief · **What happens:** pass, see, fall · **To what, where:** girl, love, young chief

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:7:31
# text = Soon afterwards a young chief who was passing by saw the girl, and fell in love with her.
1	Soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
2	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	acl	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past · progressive | a young chief |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | a young chief *not said here* | the girl |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer girl=Stimulus |
| 3 | **fall** | past |  |  |  | love |  | with girl | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in love=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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