---
title: Then she said: “My mother’s Simbukumbukwana, sink legs and sink arms… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Then she said: “My mother’s Simbukumbukwana, sink legs and sink arms” (Simbukumbukwana sikama, tshona milenze tshona mikono). Who acts: voice. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 29

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Then she said: “My mother’s Simbukumbukwana, sink legs and sink arms” (Simbukumbukwana sikama, tshona milenze tshona mikono).

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**Who acts:** voice · **What happens:** say, sink · **To what, where:** Simbukumbukwana, arms · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:8:29
# text = Then she said: “My mother’s Simbukumbukwana, sink legs and sink arms” (Simbukumbukwana sikama, tshona milenze tshona mikono).
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’s	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	Simbukumbukwana	Simbukumbukwana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	sink	sink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
12	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	sink	sink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
15	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Simbukumbukwana	Simbukumbukwana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	sikama	sikama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	tshona	tshona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	milenze	milenze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	tshona	tshona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	mikono	mikono	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | voice |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sink** *in a quote* | present |  | My mother's Simbukumbukwana |  |  |  | legs *obj* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |
| 3 | **sink** *in a quote* | present |  | arms |  |  |  | Simbukumbukwana sikama and tshona mikono *parataxis* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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