---
title: His joy in walking was great, so that he did not stop at the river,… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: His joy in walking was great, so that he did not stop at the river, but put the pot down there and continued to go forward. Who acts: joy, Simbukumbukwana. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 40

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His joy in walking was great, so that he did not stop at the river, but put the pot down there and continued to go forward.

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**Who acts:** joy, Simbukumbukwana · **What happens:** be, not stop, put, continue, go, joy · **To what, where:** river, pot, walking

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (joy, Simbukumbukwana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:8:40
# text = His joy in walking was great, so that he did not stop at the river, but put the pot down there and continued to go forward.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	walking	walking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	down	down	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	continued	continue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Simbukumbukwana's joy in walking |  |  |  |  | great *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **stop** | past · do-support | Simbukumbukwana |  |  | the river |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at river=Location |
| 3 | **put** | infinitive | Simbukumbukwana *not said here* | the pot |  | there |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent pot=Goal |
| 4 | **continue** | past | Simbukumbukwana *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **go** | to-infinitive | Simbukumbukwana *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **joy** |  | Simbukumbukwana |  |  | walking |  |  | nom joy «feeling transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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