---
title: Then she sang, Simbukumbukwana sikama, tshona milenze, tshona mikono… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Then she sang, Simbukumbukwana sikama, tshona milenze, tshona mikono, and immediately his legs shrank up. Who acts: girl, legs. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 44

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Then she sang, Simbukumbukwana sikama, tshona milenze, tshona mikono, and immediately his legs shrank up.

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**Who acts:** girl, legs · **What happens:** sing, shrink up · **To what, where:** Simbukumbukwana sikama

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl, legs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:8:44
# text = Then she sang, Simbukumbukwana sikama, tshona milenze, tshona mikono, and immediately his legs shrank up.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	Simbukumbukwana	Simbukumbukwana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sikama	sikama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	tshona	tshona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	milenze	milenze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	tshona	tshona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	mikono	mikono	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	shrank	shrink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | girl | Simbukumbukwana sikama |  |  | then |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sikama=Theme |
| 2 | **shrink up** | past | Simbukumbukwana's legs |  |  |  |  | immediately *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [The Story of Simbukumbukwana.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/8/)