---
title: When the rain was over, the other girls said to the one who had beat… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: When the rain was over, the other girls said to the one who had beaten her brother: “Let us go and look after the little boy.” Who acts: rain, other girls, one, us. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 61

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When the rain was over, the other girls said to the one who had beaten her brother: “Let us go and look after the little boy.”

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**Who acts:** rain, other girls, one, us · **What happens:** be, say, beat, let, go, look · **To what, where:** one, brother, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rain, other girls, one, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:8:61
# text = When the rain was over, the other girls said to the one who had beaten her brother: “Let us go and look after the little boy.”
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
22	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
26	after	after	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the rain |  |  |  |  | over *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the other girls |  | the one |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to one=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **beat** | past · perfect | the one | girl's brother |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location brother=Theme |
| 4 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** *in a quote* | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **look** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  | after the little boy |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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