---
title: The next day the chief said to Sikulume and his companions: “You mus… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The next day the chief said to Sikulume and his companions: “You must go and tend the cattle.” Who acts: chief, Sikulume. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 126

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The next day the chief said to Sikulume and his companions: “You must go and tend the cattle.”

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**Who acts:** chief, Sikulume · **What happens:** say, go, tend · **To what, where:** Sikulume, cattle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, Sikulume), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:9:126
# text = The next day the chief said to Sikulume and his companions: “You must go and tend the cattle.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Sikulume	Sikulume	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	tend	tend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the chief |  | Sikulume and chief's companions |  | day |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to sikulume=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *in a quote* | must | Sikulume and chief's companions *= sikulume* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **tend** *in a quote* | infinitive | Sikulume and chief's companions *= sikulume* *not said here* | the cattle |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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