---
title: Grumedan, thereupon, declared that there was nothing new about that,… — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Grumedan, thereupon, declared that there was nothing new about that, since the birds had sung since the world began, and all lovers had imagined that they sang for them alone. Who acts: Grumedan, nothing, world, birds. A sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Prince Narcissus and the Pri
---

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# The Green Fairy Book, Prince Narcissus and the Princess Potentilla, sentence 63

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grumedan, thereupon, declared that there was nothing new about that, since the birds had sung since the world began, and all lovers had imagined that they sang for them alone.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grumedan, nothing, world, birds · **What happens:** declare, be, sing, begin, imagine · **To what, where:** birds, lovers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Prince Narcissus and the Princess Potentilla. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grumedan, nothing, world, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7277:11:63
# text = Grumedan, thereupon, declared that there was nothing new about that, since the birds had sung since the world began, and all lovers had imagined that they sang for them alone.
1	Grumedan	Grumedan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	thereupon	thereupon	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
8	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
19	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	det	_	_
26	lovers	lover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	imagined	imagine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	_
34	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | Grumedan |  |  |  |  | thereupon *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | past | nothing |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | past · perfect · passive |  | the birds |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **begin** | past | the world |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **imagine** | past · perfect · passive |  | all lovers |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | birds *= bird* |  |  |  |  | for lover; alone *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for they=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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