---
title: After this the Prince again asked the aid of his friends the birds,… — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: After this the Prince again asked the aid of his friends the birds, and when they had assembled from all the country round he tied about the neck of each one a tiny lamp of some brilliant colour, and when darkness fell he made them go through a hundred pretty tricks before the delighted Potentilla, 
---

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# The Green Fairy Book, Prince Narcissus and the Princess Potentilla, sentence 93

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After this the Prince again asked the aid of his friends the birds, and when they had assembled from all the country round he tied about the neck of each one a tiny lamp of some brilliant colour, and when darkness fell he made them go through a hundred pretty tricks before the delighted Potentilla, who clapped her little hands with delight when she saw her own name traced in points of light against the dark trees, or when the whole flock of sparks grouped themselves into bouquets of different colours, like living flowers.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Prince, darkness, birds, delighted Potentilla, Potentilla, whole flock · **What happens:** ask, assemble, tie, fall, make, go · **To what, where:** aid, birds, country, hundred pretty tricks, little hands, own name

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Prince Narcissus and the Princess Potentilla. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince, darkness, birds, delighted Potentilla), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7277:11:93
# text = After this the Prince again asked the aid of his friends the birds, and when they had assembled from all the country round he tied about the neck of each one a tiny lamp of some brilliant colour, and when darkness fell he made them go through a hundred pretty tricks before the delighted Potentilla, who clapped her little hands with delight when she saw her own name traced in points of light against the dark trees, or when the whole flock of sparks grouped themselves into bouquets of different colours, like living flowers.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	assembled	assemble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	23	det:predet	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	round	round	ADP	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	tied	tie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
27	about	about	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	det	_	_
32	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	appos	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	39	det	_	_
38	brilliant	brilliant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
42	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	44	advmod	_	_
43	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
44	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	advcl	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
47	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	obj	_	_
48	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	xcomp	_	_
49	through	through	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
50	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	53	nummod	_	_
52	pretty	pretty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	obl	_	_
54	before	before	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
56	delighted	delighted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	Potentilla	Potentilla	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
59	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	60	nsubj	_	_
60	clapped	clap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	57	acl:relcl	_	_
61	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	63	nmod:poss	_	_
62	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	63	amod	_	_
63	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	60	obj	_	_
64	with	with	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
65	delight	delight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	_
66	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	68	advmod	_	_
67	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	68	nsubj	_	_
68	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	60	advcl	_	_
69	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	71	nmod:poss	_	_
70	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	71	amod	_	_
71	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	68	obj	_	_
72	traced	trace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	71	acl	_	_
73	in	in	ADP	IN	_	74	case	_	_
74	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	72	obl	_	_
75	of	of	ADP	IN	_	76	case	_	_
76	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	74	nmod	_	_
77	against	against	ADP	IN	_	80	case	_	_
78	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	80	det	_	_
79	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	80	amod	_	_
80	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	76	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
81	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	89	punct	_	_
82	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	89	cc	_	_
83	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	89	advmod	_	_
84	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	86	det	_	_
85	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	86	amod	_	_
86	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	89	nsubj	_	_
87	of	of	ADP	IN	_	88	case	_	_
88	sparks	spark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	86	nmod	_	_
89	grouped	group	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	60	conj	_	_
90	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	89	obj	_	_
91	into	into	ADP	IN	_	92	case	_	_
92	bouquets	bouquet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	89	obl	_	_
93	of	of	ADP	IN	_	95	case	_	_
94	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	95	amod	_	_
95	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	92	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
96	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	99	punct	_	_
97	like	like	ADP	IN	_	99	case	_	_
98	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	99	amod	_	_
99	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	95	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
100	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the Prince | the aid of Prince's friends and the birds |  |  | again |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent aid=Recipient |
| 2 | **assemble** | past · perfect · passive |  | birds *= bird* |  | all country |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: subject=Product from country=Material |
| 3 | **tie** | past | Prince |  |  |  |  | about the neck of each one | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fall** | past | darkness |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **make** | past | darkness | birds *= bird* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **go** | infinitive | birds *= bird* *not said here* |  |  | hundred pretty tricks | before the delighted Potentilla |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through trick=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **clap** | past | the delighted Potentilla | Potentilla's little hands |  |  |  | with delight | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hand=Theme |
| 8 | **see** | past | Potentilla | Potentilla's own name |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer name=Stimulus |
| 9 | **trace** | participle |  | Potentilla's own name *not said here* |  | points of light against the dark trees |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in point=Destination |
| 10 | **group** | past | the whole flock of sparks | birds *= bird* |  |  |  | into bouquets of different colours and living flowers *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme into bouquet=Goal |
| 11 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 12 | **name** |  | Potentilla |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 13 | **point** |  |  | light against the dark trees |  |  |  |  | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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