---
title: This was indeed a crushing speech to make to such a devoted lover as… — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: This was indeed a crushing speech to make to such a devoted lover as Prince Mannikin, but he concealed the pain it caused him with great courage. Who acts: This, Mannikin, pain. A sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Heart of Ice, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# The Green Fairy Book, Heart of Ice, part 3, sentence 65

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This was indeed a crushing speech to make to such a devoted lover as Prince Mannikin, but he concealed the pain it caused him with great courage.

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**Who acts:** This, Mannikin, pain · **What happens:** crush, be, make, such, conceal, cause · **To what, where:** crushing speech, devoted lover, pain, Mannikin

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This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Heart of Ice, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, Mannikin, pain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7277:16:65
# text = This was indeed a crushing speech to make to such a devoted lover as Prince Mannikin, but he concealed the pain it caused him with great courage.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	crushing	crush	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	such	such	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	devoted	devoted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	lover	lover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod:desc	_	_
16	Mannikin	Mannikin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	iobj	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | past | This | a crushing speech |  |  |  | indeed *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **such** | to-infinitive |  | a devoted lover |  |  |  | as Mannikin  Prince | tree rules |
| 5 | **conceal** | past | Mannikin | the pain |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Patient |
| 6 | **cause** | past | pain | the pain *not said here* | Mannikin |  |  | with great courage | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition he=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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