---
title: At the last little village he left his horse behind him, to begin hi… — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: At the last little village he left his horse behind him, to begin his toilful march through the snow, which extended, blank and terrible, in every direction as far as the eye could see. Who acts: Mannikin, snow, eye. A sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Heart of Ice, part 4, with its
---

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# The Green Fairy Book, Heart of Ice, part 4, sentence 24

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the last little village he left his horse behind him, to begin his toilful march through the snow, which extended, blank and terrible, in every direction as far as the eye could see.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mannikin, snow, eye · **What happens:** leave, begin, extend, see · **To what, where:** horse, last little village, toilful march, snow

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Heart of Ice, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mannikin, snow, eye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7277:17:24
# text = At the last little village he left his horse behind him, to begin his toilful march through the snow, which extended, blank and terrible, in every direction as far as the eye could see.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	begin	begin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	toilful	toilful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	march	march	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	through	through	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	extended	extend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	blank	blank	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	det	_	_
31	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	parataxis	_	_
32	as	as	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	31	advmod	_	_
34	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
37	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
38	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Mannikin | Mannikin's horse |  | the last little village |  | behind horse | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horse=Theme at village=Location |
| 2 | **begin** | to-infinitive | Mannikin *not said here* | Mannikin's toilful march |  | the snow |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent march=Eventuality |
| 3 | **extend** | past | the snow |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | could | the eye |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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