--- title: The shepherd was much startled, for he couldn’t make out where these… — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: The shepherd was much startled, for he couldn’t make out where these words, which were repeated more than once, came from, and looked about him to the right and left; at last he perceived the sack in which Simon was hidden, and going up to it he opened it and discovered Simon repeating his dismal co --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7277/26/97/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Green Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7277/) / [The Biter Bit, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7277/26/) / 97 # The Green Fairy Book, The Biter Bit, part 1, sentence 97 The shepherd was much startled, for he couldn’t make out where these words, which were repeated more than once, came from, and looked about him to the right and left; at last he perceived the sack in which Simon was hidden, and going up to it he opened it and discovered Simon repeating his dismal complaint. **Who acts:** shepherd, words · **What happens:** startle, not make out, repeat, come, look, leave · **To what, where:** shepherd, words, sack, last, Simon, dismal complaint This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Biter Bit, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd, words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg7277:26:97 # text = The shepherd was much startled, for he couldn’t make out where these words, which were repeated more than once, came from, and looked about him to the right and left; at last he perceived the sack in which Simon was hidden, and going up to it he opened it and discovered Simon repeating his dismal complaint. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 shepherd shepherd NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 4 much much ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 startled startle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 7 for for SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 8 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 9 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 10 n’t not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 11 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 12 out out ADP RP _ 11 compound:prt _ _ 13 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 24 advmod _ _ 14 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 15 det _ _ 15 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 repeated repeat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 appos _ _ 20 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 22 advmod _ _ 21 than than ADP IN _ 20 fixed _ _ 22 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 19 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 24 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ _ 25 from from ADP IN _ 24 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 29 about about ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 right right NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 left leave VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 37 at at ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 last last NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl _ _ 39 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 perceived perceive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 sack sack NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 47 obl _ _ 45 Simon Simon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 nsubj:pass _ _ 46 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 47 aux:pass _ _ 47 hidden hide VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 42 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 48 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 55 cc _ _ 50 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 55 advcl _ _ 51 up up ADV RB _ 50 advmod _ _ 52 to to ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 obl _ _ 54 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 nsubj _ _ 55 opened open VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 56 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 obj _ _ 57 and and CCONJ CC _ 58 cc _ _ 58 discovered discover VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 55 conj _ _ 59 Simon Simon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 58 obj _ _ 60 repeating repeat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 58 advcl _ _ 61 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 63 nmod:poss _ _ 62 dismal dismal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 63 amod _ _ 63 complaint complaint NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 64 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **startle** | past · passive | | the shepherd | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | | 2 | **not** **make out** | could | shepherd | | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **repeat** | past · passive | | this words | | | | once *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | | 4 | **come** | past | this words | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **look** | past | | | | | | about shepherd; to the right | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent about he=Theme | | 6 | **leave** | past | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **perceive** | past | shepherd | the sack | | last | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sack=Stimulus | | 8 | **hide** | past · passive | | Simon | | the sack | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient in which=Location | | 9 | **go up** | gerund | shepherd *not said here* | | sack | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 10 | **open** | past | shepherd | sack | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme | | 11 | **discover** | past | shepherd *not said here* | Simon | | | | | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent simon=Topic | | 12 | **repeat** | gerund | shepherd *not said here* | shepherd's dismal complaint | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent complaint=Eventuality | | 13 | **complain** | | shepherd | | | | | | nom complaint «state intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 96](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7277/26/96/) - next →: [sentence 98](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7277/26/98/) - ↑ back to [The Biter Bit, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7277/26/)