---
title: She had been changed into a nightingale, who was singing ‘jug, jug.’ — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: She had been changed into a nightingale, who was singing ‘jug, jug.’ Who acts: nightingale. A sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jorinde and Joringel, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Green Fairy Book, Jorinde and Joringel, sentence 18

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She had been changed into a nightingale, who was singing ‘jug, jug.’

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**Who acts:** nightingale · **What happens:** change, sing · **To what, where:** Jorinde, nightingale, jug

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This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jorinde and Joringel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nightingale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7277:41:18
# text = She had been changed into a nightingale, who was singing ‘jug, jug.’
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	nightingale	nightingale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
12	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past · perfect · passive |  | Jorinde |  |  |  | into a nightingale *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: subject=Patient into nightingale=Result |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past · progressive | a nightingale | jug and jug |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location jug=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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