---
title: He entered, passed through the courtyard, and then stopped to listen… — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He entered, passed through the courtyard, and then stopped to listen for the singing of the birds; at last he heard it. Who acts: Joringel. A sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jorinde and Joringel, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Green Fairy Book, Jorinde and Joringel, sentence 39

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He entered, passed through the courtyard, and then stopped to listen for the singing of the birds; at last he heard it.

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**Who acts:** Joringel · **What happens:** enter, pass, stop, listen, hear, sing · **To what, where:** courtyard, flower, last, birds

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This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jorinde and Joringel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joringel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7277:41:39
# text = He entered, passed through the courtyard, and then stopped to listen for the singing of the birds; at last he heard it.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
11	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	last	last	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | past | Joringel |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **pass** | participle | Joringel *not said here* |  |  | the courtyard |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through courtyard=Location |
| 3 | **stop** | past | Joringel *not said here* |  |  |  | then |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **listen** | to-infinitive | Joringel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the singing of the birds | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for singing=Theme |
| 5 | **hear** | past | Joringel | flower |  | last |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 6 | **sing** |  |  | the birds |  |  |  |  | nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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