---
title: ‘Good heavens!’ cried he, ‘some great misfortune has befallen my bro… — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Good heavens!’ cried he, ‘some great misfortune has befallen my brother. Who acts: Good heavens. A sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Golden Lads, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Green Fairy Book, The Golden Lads, sentence 79

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‘Good heavens!’ cried he, ‘some great misfortune has befallen my brother.

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**Who acts:** Good heavens · **What happens:** cry, befall · **To what, where:** Meantime, great misfortune

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This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Golden Lads. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Good heavens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7277:49:79
# text = ‘Good heavens!’ cried he, ‘some great misfortune has befallen my brother.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	befallen	befall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Good heavens | Meantime |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic |
| 2 | **befall** | present · perfect · passive |  | some great misfortune |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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