---
title: He stepped to the casement to listen, and found that the sound proce… — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He stepped to the casement to listen, and found that the sound proceeded from the sparrows, who were talking together and telling each other all they had seen in the fields and woods. Who acts: King, sound, sparrows. A sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The White Snake, with its depe
---

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# The Green Fairy Book, The White Snake, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stepped to the casement to listen, and found that the sound proceeded from the sparrows, who were talking together and telling each other all they had seen in the fields and woods.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** King, sound, sparrows · **What happens:** step, listen, find, proceed, talk, tell · **To what, where:** casement, sparrows, each, all, fields · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The White Snake. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, sound, sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7277:50:10
# text = He stepped to the casement to listen, and found that the sound proceeded from the sparrows, who were talking together and telling each other all they had seen in the fields and woods.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	casement	casement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	proceeded	proceed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
22	together	together	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	conj	_	_
25	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	24	obj	_	_
26	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	fixed	_	_
27	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	ccomp	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **step** | past | King |  |  | the casement |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to casement=Destination |
| 2 | **listen** | to-infinitive | King *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **find** | past | King *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **proceed** | past | the sound |  |  | the sparrows |  |  | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **talk** | past · progressive | the sparrows |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | the sparrows *not said here* | each |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent each=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 7 | **see** | past · perfect · passive |  | all |  | the fields and woods |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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