---
title: Then they threw his beard to the old man across the river, but they… — The Green Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Then they threw his beard to the old man across the river, but they kept his wand, so that the wicked dwarf could never again enter their kingdom. Who acts: waves. A sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Musicians, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Green Fairy Book, The Three Musicians, sentence 78

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then they threw his beard to the old man across the river, but they kept his wand, so that the wicked dwarf could never again enter their kingdom.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** waves · **What happens:** throw, keep, not enter · **To what, where:** beard, old man, river, wand, kingdom

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This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Musicians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (waves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7277:55:78
# text = Then they threw his beard to the old man across the river, but they kept his wand, so that the wicked dwarf could never again enter their kingdom.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	across	across	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	wand	wand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	25	case	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	dwarf	dwarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
26	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
27	again	again	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	enter	enter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | waves *= wave* | dwarf's beard | the old man | the river | then |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent beard=Theme to man=Destination |
| 2 | **keep** | past | waves *= wave* | dwarf's wand |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wand=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **enter** | present | waves *= wave* *not said here* | waves's kingdom |  |  | again |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme kingdom=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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