---
title: Horatio Hale and other authorities on Iroquois history differ strong… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Horatio Hale and other authorities on Iroquois history differ strongly from Schoolcraft on this point, and maintain that the name of Hiawatha, or Heyanwatha, refers only to an Iroquois statesman or deity. Who acts: Horatio, Heyanwatha. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Opening, sentence 11

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Horatio Hale and other authorities on Iroquois history differ strongly from Schoolcraft on this point, and maintain that the name of Hiawatha, or Heyanwatha, refers only to an Iroquois statesman or deity.

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**Who acts:** Horatio, Heyanwatha · **What happens:** differ, maintain, refer, name · **To what, where:** Schoolcraft, name, Hiawatha

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horatio, Heyanwatha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:1:11
# text = Horatio Hale and other authorities on Iroquois history differ strongly from Schoolcraft on this point, and maintain that the name of Hiawatha, or Heyanwatha, refers only to an Iroquois statesman or deity.
1	Horatio	Horatio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	Hale	Hale	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Iroquois	iroquois	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	differ	differ	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Schoolcraft	Schoolcraft	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	maintain	maintain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Hiawatha	Hiawatha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	Heyanwatha	Heyanwatha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
28	refers	refer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
29	only	only	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	Iroquois	Iroquois	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	statesman	statesman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	deity	deity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **differ** | present | Horatio and other authorities on Iroquois history |  |  | Schoolcraft |  | on this point; strongly *property* | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on point=Topic |
| 2 | **maintain** | infinitive |  | the name of Hiawatha |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent name=Theme |
| 3 | **refer** | present | Heyanwatha |  |  |  |  | to a Iroquois statesman or deity | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to statesman=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **name** |  |  | Hiawatha |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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