---
title: These stories, told by and about the Indians, have been gathered fro… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: These stories, told by and about the Indians, have been gathered from various sources. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Opening, sentence 6

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These stories, told by and about the Indians, have been gathered from various sources.

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**What happens:** tell, gather · **To what, where:** stories, Indians, various sources · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:1:6
# text = These stories, told by and about the Indians, have been gathered from various sources.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	sources	source	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle |  | this stories *not said here* | the Indians |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent indian=Recipient |
| 2 | **gather** | present · perfect · passive |  | this stories |  | various sources |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from source=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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