---
title: Almost unconsciously, even as our own eyes and other senses are trai… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Almost unconsciously, even as our own eyes and other senses are trained to help us in city or country life, the Indians are adding to their education in the things which will make life and labor easier to them. Who acts: own eyes, Indians, things. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 1

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Almost unconsciously, even as our own eyes and other senses are trained to help us in city or country life, the Indians are adding to their education in the things which will make life and labor easier to them.

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**Who acts:** own eyes, Indians, things · **What happens:** train, help, add, make, educate · **To what, where:** own eyes, us, city, things, life

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (own eyes, Indians, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:1
# text = Almost unconsciously, even as our own eyes and other senses are trained to help us in city or country life, the Indians are adding to their education in the things which will make life and labor easier to them.
1	Almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	unconsciously	unconsciously	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	even	even	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	senses	sens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	adding	add	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	advcl	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
33	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
34	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	acl:relcl	_	_
36	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	labor	labor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	_
39	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	35	xcomp	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | present · passive |  | our own eyes and other senses |  |  |  | unconsciously *property* | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | our own eyes and other senses *not said here* |  | us | city or country and life |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | present · progressive | the Indians |  |  | the things |  | to Indians's education | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent to education=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **make** | future | the things | life and labor |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset life=Product |
| 5 | **educate** |  | Indians *= indian* |  |  |  |  |  | nom education «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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