---
title: The council declared that Ietan was telling false tales to frighten… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The council declared that Ietan was telling false tales to frighten the Mandans. Who acts: council, Ietan. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 19

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The council declared that Ietan was telling false tales to frighten the Mandans.

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**Who acts:** council, Ietan · **What happens:** declare, tell, frighten · **To what, where:** false tales, Mandans · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (council, Ietan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:19
# text = The council declared that Ietan was telling false tales to frighten the Mandans.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	Ietan	Ietan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	frighten	frighten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Mandans	Mandan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | the council |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · progressive | Ietan | false tales |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tale=Recipient |
| 3 | **frighten** | to-infinitive | Ietan *not said here* | the Mandans |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mandan=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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