---
title: He had been gathering plants and insects in one of the desolate regi… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He had been gathering plants and insects in one of the desolate regions in the west. Who acts: professor. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 30

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He had been gathering plants and insects in one of the desolate regions in the west.

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**Who acts:** professor · **What happens:** gather, desolate · **To what, where:** plants, regions, west

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (professor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:30
# text = He had been gathering plants and insects in one of the desolate regions in the west.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux	_	_
4	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	desolate	desolate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past · perfect · progressive | professor | plants and insects |  |  |  | in one | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme |
| 2 | **desolate** | infinitive |  | regions |  | the west |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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