---
title: He was unarmed, and knew nothing of any Indian language or of the si… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He was unarmed, and knew nothing of any Indian language or of the sign language so much used west of the Mississippi. Who acts: professor. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 31

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He was unarmed, and knew nothing of any Indian language or of the sign language so much used west of the Mississippi.

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**Who acts:** professor · **What happens:** be, know, use · **To what, where:** nothing

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (professor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:31
# text = He was unarmed, and knew nothing of any Indian language or of the sign language so much used west of the Mississippi.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unarmed	unarmed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
10	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	much	much	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
20	west	west	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Mississippi	Mississippi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | professor |  |  |  |  | unarmed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | past | professor *not said here* | nothing of any Indian language or the sign language |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus |
| 3 | **use** | participle | professor *not said here* |  |  |  |  | west *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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