---
title: Wheeling their ponies in his direction, they were down upon him befo… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Wheeling their ponies in his direction, they were down upon him before he had time to do anything more than gather his collection into the boxes and get upon his pony. Who acts: Indians, professor. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits, w
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 33

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Wheeling their ponies in his direction, they were down upon him before he had time to do anything more than gather his collection into the boxes and get upon his pony.

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**Who acts:** Indians, professor · **What happens:** wheel, be, have, do, gather, get · **To what, where:** ponies, direction, anything, collection

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, professor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:33
# text = Wheeling their ponies in his direction, they were down upon him before he had time to do anything more than gather his collection into the boxes and get upon his pony.
1	Wheeling	wheel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	ponies	pony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
13	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl	_	_
19	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	obj	_	_
20	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
21	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	gather	gather	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	collection	collection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	into	into	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
30	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wheel** | gerund |  | Indians's ponies |  | professor's direction |  |  | vn drive-11.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pony=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | Indians *= indian* |  |  |  |  | upon professor; down *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | professor |  |  |  | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **do** | to-infinitive | professor *not said here* | anything |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality |
| 5 | **gather** | infinitive |  | professor's collection |  |  |  | into the boxes | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent collection=Patient into box=Co-Patient |
| 6 | **get** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | upon professor's pony | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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