---
title: They had discovered by all the signs that he was a being who had not… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They had discovered by all the signs that he was a being who had not a sense left, and they would not harm him. Who acts: pockets. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 42

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They had discovered by all the signs that he was a being who had not a sense left, and they would not harm him.

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**Who acts:** pockets · **What happens:** discover, be, leave, not harm · **To what, where:** sense, professor

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pockets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:42
# text = They had discovered by all the signs that he was a being who had not a sense left, and they would not harm him.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	conj	_	_
12	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past · perfect | pockets *= pocket* |  |  |  |  | by all signs | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj*; a sense *obj*; have *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  | a sense *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **harm** | would | pockets *= pocket* | professor |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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