---
title: Many nations seem to have had wise laws. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Many nations seem to have had wise laws. Who acts: Many nations. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 46

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Many nations seem to have had wise laws.

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**Who acts:** Many nations · **What happens:** seem, have · **To what, where:** wise laws

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many nations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:46
# text = Many nations seem to have had wise laws.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seem	seem	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	xcomp	_	_
7	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | present | Many nations |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive · perfect | Many nations *not said here* | wise laws |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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