---
title: When the Indian has learned that village life is no disgrace, he may… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: When the Indian has learned that village life is no disgrace, he may become even greater than the paleface with the talking leaves or printed book. Who acts: Indian, village life, many. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits, with its depe
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 48

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When the Indian has learned that village life is no disgrace, he may become even greater than the paleface with the talking leaves or printed book.

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**Who acts:** Indian, village life, many · **What happens:** learn, be, become, print · **To what, where:** disgrace

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian, village life, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:48
# text = When the Indian has learned that village life is no disgrace, he may become even greater than the paleface with the talking leaves or printed book.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	disgrace	disgrace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	even	even	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	xcomp	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	paleface	paleface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	talking	talking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	amod	_	_
27	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · perfect | the Indian |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | village life | no disgrace |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **become** | may | many |  |  |  |  | great *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **print** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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