---
title: If injured, they rarely show pain, though the torture of the broken… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: If injured, they rarely show pain, though the torture of the broken limb or the bullet may be intense. Who acts: Indians, torture. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 5

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If injured, they rarely show pain, though the torture of the broken limb or the bullet may be intense.

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**Who acts:** Indians, torture · **What happens:** injure, show, break, be, torture · **To what, where:** pain, broken limb

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, torture), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:5
# text = If injured, they rarely show pain, though the torture of the broken limb or the bullet may be intense.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	injured	injure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	rarely	rarely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
9	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	torture	torture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bullet	bullet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	cop	_	_
21	intense	intense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | Indians *= indian* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | Indians *= indian* | pain |  |  |  | rarely *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pain=Recipient |
| 3 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | may | the torture of the broken limb or the bullet |  |  |  |  | intense *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **torture** |  |  | the broken limb or the bullet |  |  |  |  | nom torture «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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