---
title: There are many proofs that the mound-builders, the Aztec, and the In… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: There are many proofs that the mound-builders, the Aztec, and the Indian have made this part of the world their home for ages, when it was unknown and unthought of in the wildest dreams of seamen or of kings. Who acts: many proofs, home. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» 
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 52

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There are many proofs that the mound-builders, the Aztec, and the Indian have made this part of the world their home for ages, when it was unknown and unthought of in the wildest dreams of seamen or of kings.

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**Who acts:** many proofs, home · **What happens:** be, make, unthought, dream · **To what, where:** mound builders, seamen

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many proofs, home), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:10:52
# text = There are many proofs that the mound-builders, the Aztec, and the Indian have made this part of the world their home for ages, when it was unknown and unthought of in the wildest dreams of seamen or of kings.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	proofs	proof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	mound	mound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Aztec	Aztec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	32	mark	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	unthought	unthought	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	conj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	wildest	wild	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	39	amod	_	_
39	dreams	dream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	seamen	seaman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	_
42	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | many proofs |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | the mound builders  the Aztec |  |  | for ages | many proofs *obj*; this part of the world *obj*; builders's home *obj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | home |  |  |  |  | unknown *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **unthought** | participle | home *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the wildest dreams of seamen or kings | tree rules |
| 5 | **dream** |  |  | seamen or kings |  |  |  |  | nom dream «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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