---
title: “He stick gun on ground against tree. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “He stick gun on ground against tree. Who acts: man. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian’s Eye Training, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian’s Eye Training, sentence 16

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“He stick gun on ground against tree.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** stick · **To what, where:** gun, ground

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian’s Eye Training. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:11:16
# text = “He stick gun on ground against tree.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stick	stick	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick** *in a quote* | present | man | gun |  | ground |  | against tree | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent gun=Theme on ground=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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