---
title: Then he went to a wigwam near by and asked: “Did you see a little, o… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he went to a wigwam near by and asked: “Did you see a little, old, white man with a short gun? Who acts: Indian, you. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian’s Eye Training, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian’s Eye Training, sentence 3

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Then he went to a wigwam near by and asked: “Did you see a little, old, white man with a short gun?

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**Who acts:** Indian, you · **What happens:** go, ask, see · **To what, where:** wigwam, little · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian’s Eye Training. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:11:3
# text = Then he went to a wigwam near by and asked: “Did you see a little, old, white man with a short gun?
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	near	near	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Indian |  |  | a wigwam | then | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to wigwam=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Indian *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **see** *in a quote* | past · do-support | you | a little |  |  |  | old *obl*; white man with a short gun *obl* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer little=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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