---
title: He and his dog were on the trail going south.” — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He and his dog were on the trail going south.” Who acts: Indian, trail. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian’s Eye Training, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian’s Eye Training, sentence 7

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He and his dog were on the trail going south.”

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**Who acts:** Indian, trail · **What happens:** be, go · **To what, where:** trail

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian’s Eye Training. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian, trail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:11:7
# text = He and his dog were on the trail going south.”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trail	trail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	south	south	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Indian |  |  | the trail |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | the trail *not said here* |  |  |  |  | south *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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