---
title: An Indian in his native costume is a subject artists are glad to pai… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: An Indian in his native costume is a subject artists are glad to paint,—tanned buckskin trousers with the buckskin fringe down the outside seams; buckskin moccasins with colored porcupine quills neatly woven into the leather in regular patterns, and a heavy blanket or buffalo robe over his shoulders
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian At Home, sentence 1

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An Indian in his native costume is a subject artists are glad to paint,—tanned buckskin trousers with the buckskin fringe down the outside seams; buckskin moccasins with colored porcupine quills neatly woven into the leather in regular patterns, and a heavy blanket or buffalo robe over his shoulders, hanging nearly to the ground.

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**Who acts:** subject artists · **What happens:** be, paint, tan, weave, hang · **To what, where:** buckskin moccasins, buckskin trousers, colored porcupine quills, leather

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (subject artists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:13:1
# text = An Indian in his native costume is a subject artists are glad to paint,—tanned buckskin trousers with the buckskin fringe down the outside seams; buckskin moccasins with colored porcupine quills neatly woven into the leather in regular patterns, and a heavy blanket or buffalo robe over his shoulders, hanging nearly to the ground.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	costume	costume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	artists	artist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	paint	paint	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	tanned	tan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
18	buckskin	buckskin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	trousers	trousers	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	buckskin	buckskin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	down	down	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	outside	outside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	seams	seam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	buckskin	buckskin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	moccasins	moccasin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	colored	colored	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
33	porcupine	porcupine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	quills	quill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
35	neatly	neatly	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	woven	weave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	acl	_	_
37	into	into	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
45	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	compound	_	_
48	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	conj	_	_
50	robe	robe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
51	over	over	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	53	nmod:poss	_	_
53	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
55	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
56	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	59	advmod	_	_
57	to	to	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a subject artists |  |  |  |  | glad *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **paint** | to-infinitive | a subject artists *not said here* | buckskin moccasins with colored porcupine quills |  |  |  | blanket robe over his shoulders *obl* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tan** | past | a subject artists *not said here* | buckskin trousers |  |  |  | with the buckskin fringe down the outside seams | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent trousers=Patient with fringe=Instrument |
| 4 | **weave** | participle |  | colored porcupine quills *not said here* |  | the leather in regular patterns |  | neatly *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into leather=Destination |
| 5 | **hang** | gerund | a subject artists *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the ground | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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