---
title: The warriors of each nation have their own fashion of painting their… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The warriors of each nation have their own fashion of painting their faces and bodies. Who acts: warriors, own fashion. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian At Home, sentence 17

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The warriors of each nation have their own fashion of painting their faces and bodies.

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**Who acts:** warriors, own fashion · **What happens:** have, paint · **To what, where:** own fashion, faces

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (warriors, own fashion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:13:17
# text = The warriors of each nation have their own fashion of painting their faces and bodies.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fashion	fashion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	painting	paint	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the warriors of each nation | warriors's own fashion |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fashion=Patient |
| 2 | **paint** | gerund | warriors's own fashion *not said here* | warriors's faces and bodies |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent face=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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