---
title: The dogs belonging to an Indian camp or village are numerous and oft… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The dogs belonging to an Indian camp or village are numerous and often nearly starved. Who acts: dogs. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian At Home, sentence 34

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The dogs belonging to an Indian camp or village are numerous and often nearly starved.

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**Who acts:** dogs · **What happens:** belong, be, starve

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:13:34
# text = The dogs belonging to an Indian camp or village are numerous and often nearly starved.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
3	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	starved	starve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | gerund | the dogs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to a Indian camp or village | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the dogs |  |  |  |  | numerous *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **starve** | participle | the dogs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | nearly, often *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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