---
title: Whenever a stranger makes his appearance, his coming is announced by… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Whenever a stranger makes his appearance, his coming is announced by furious barks and howls of these hungry sentinels. Who acts: stranger, coming, hungry sentinels. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian At Home, sentence 35

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Whenever a stranger makes his appearance, his coming is announced by furious barks and howls of these hungry sentinels.

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**Who acts:** stranger, coming, hungry sentinels · **What happens:** make, come, announce, howl · **To what, where:** appearance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stranger, coming, hungry sentinels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:13:35
# text = Whenever a stranger makes his appearance, his coming is announced by furious barks and howls of these hungry sentinels.
1	Whenever	whenever	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Gender=Masc|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	csubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	announced	announce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	furious	furious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	barks	bark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	howls	howl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
19	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	sentinels	sentinel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a stranger | stranger's appearance |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset appearance=Product |
| 2 | **come** | gerund | stranger |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **announce** *speech: other* | present · passive | coming |  |  |  |  | by furious barks and howls of this hungry sentinels | vn order-58.3 «NP V S» |
| 4 | **howl** |  | this hungry sentinels |  |  |  |  |  | nom howl «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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