---
title: The white hunter has reason to dread the attacks of these dogs, for… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The white hunter has reason to dread the attacks of these dogs, for they are much like the coyotes and wolves of the forests. Who acts: white hunter, dogs. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian At Home, sentence 36

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The white hunter has reason to dread the attacks of these dogs, for they are much like the coyotes and wolves of the forests.

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**Who acts:** white hunter, dogs · **What happens:** have, dread, be, attack · **To what, where:** reason, attacks, dogs

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white hunter, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:13:36
# text = The white hunter has reason to dread the attacks of these dogs, for they are much like the coyotes and wolves of the forests.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	dread	dread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	much	much	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	coyotes	coyote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the white hunter | reason |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient |
| 2 | **dread** | to-infinitive | the white hunter *not said here* | the attacks of this dogs |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attack=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | present | dogs *= dog* |  |  |  |  | for the coyotes and wolves of the forests; wolves of the forests *conj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **attack** |  |  | this dogs |  |  |  |  | nom attack «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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