--- title: Unless his gun is ready, or their masters call them back, it is usua… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics description: Unless his gun is ready, or their masters call them back, it is usually best for the stranger to find refuge in a tree; but the braves, squaws, and children give the white visitor a kind welcome as soon as they know that his visit is friendly. Who acts: masters, it, children, dogs. A sentence of «Wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/13/37/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Wigwam stories told by North American…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/) / [The Indian At Home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/13/) / 37 # Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian At Home, sentence 37 Unless his gun is ready, or their masters call them back, it is usually best for the stranger to find refuge in a tree; but the braves, squaws, and children give the white visitor a kind welcome as soon as they know that his visit is friendly. **Who acts:** masters, it, children, dogs, visit, hunter · **What happens:** be, call back, find, give, know, visit · **To what, where:** dogs, refuge, tree, kind welcome, white visitor This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (masters, it, children, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg73136:13:37 # text = Unless his gun is ready, or their masters call them back, it is usually best for the stranger to find refuge in a tree; but the braves, squaws, and children give the white visitor a kind welcome as soon as they know that his visit is friendly. 1 Unless unless SCONJ IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ _ 3 gun gun NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 ready ready ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 8 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 masters master NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 call call VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 11 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 back back ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 16 usually usually ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 best good ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 10 parataxis _ _ 18 for for ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 stranger stranger NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 csubj _ _ 23 refuge refuge NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 but but CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 braves brave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 squaws squaw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 36 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 acl:relcl _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 visitor visitor NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 41 kind kind ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 welcome welcome NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 43 as as ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 44 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 36 advmod _ _ 45 as as SCONJ IN _ 47 mark _ _ 46 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 47 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 advcl _ _ 48 that that SCONJ IN _ 52 mark _ _ 49 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 50 nmod:poss _ _ 50 visit visit NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 nsubj _ _ 51 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 cop _ _ 52 friendly friendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 53 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | | | | | | unless hunter's gun; the braves and squaws *obl*; ready *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **call back** *speech: assert* | present | dogs's masters | dogs *= dog* | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 3 | **is** | present | it | | | | | for the stranger; good, usually *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **find** | to-infinitive | | refuge | | a tree | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuge=Topic | | 5 | **give** | present | children | a kind welcome | the white visitor | | | soon *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent visitor=Recipient welcome=Theme | | 6 | **know** | present | dogs *= dog* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **is** | present | hunter's visit | | | | | friendly *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **visit** | | hunter | | | | | | nom visit «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/13/36/) - next →: [Meaning of Indian Totems and…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/14/1/) - ↑ back to [The Indian At Home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/13/)