---
title: If you were spending the year among the Sioux or Dakotas, little Win… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: If you were spending the year among the Sioux or Dakotas, little Winona might tell you that January is the Hard Moon. Who acts: you, January. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian Names For the Months or Moons, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian Names For the Months or Moons, sentence 20

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If you were spending the year among the Sioux or Dakotas, little Winona might tell you that January is the Hard Moon.

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**Who acts:** you, January · **What happens:** spend, tell, be · **To what, where:** you, Hard Moon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian Names For the Months or Moons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, January), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:15:20
# text = If you were spending the year among the Sioux or Dakotas, little Winona might tell you that January is the Hard Moon.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	spending	spend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	among	among	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Sioux	Sioux	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Dakotas	Dakotas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	Winona	Winona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
15	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	iobj	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
19	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Hard	Hard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · progressive | you |  |  |  | year | among the Sioux or Dakotas and little Winona | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | might |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |
| 3 | **is a** | present | January | the Hard Moon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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