---
title: They know the effect of the bright sunshine of March when it shines… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They know the effect of the bright sunshine of March when it shines upon the snowdrifts. Who acts: Sioux, effect. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian Names For the Months or Moons, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian Names For the Months or Moons, sentence 23

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They know the effect of the bright sunshine of March when it shines upon the snowdrifts.

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**Who acts:** Sioux, effect · **What happens:** know, shine, effect · **To what, where:** effect, snowdrifts, bright sunshine

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian Names For the Months or Moons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sioux, effect), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:15:23
# text = They know the effect of the bright sunshine of March when it shines upon the snowdrifts.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	March	March	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	snowdrifts	snowdrift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | Sioux | the effect of the bright sunshine of March |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer effect=Stimulus |
| 2 | **shine** | present | effect |  |  | the snowdrifts |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon snowdrift=Location |
| 3 | **effect** |  |  | the bright sunshine of March |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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