---
title: While at Lake Superior, some time ago, we saw Chippewa Indians in th… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: While at Lake Superior, some time ago, we saw Chippewa Indians in their birch-bark canoes, anchored in what seemed to be a very reedy bay. Who acts: Lake. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian Names For the Months or Moons, with its dependen
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian Names For the Months or Moons, sentence 47

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While at Lake Superior, some time ago, we saw Chippewa Indians in their birch-bark canoes, anchored in what seemed to be a very reedy bay.

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**Who acts:** Lake · **What happens:** see, anchor, seem, be · **To what, where:** Chippewa Indians, bark canoes, reedy bay

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian Names For the Months or Moons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:15:47
# text = While at Lake Superior, some time ago, we saw Chippewa Indians in their birch-bark canoes, anchored in what seemed to be a very reedy bay.
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	Superior	Superior	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	Chippewa	Chippewa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
16	birch	birch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	canoes	canoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	anchored	anchor	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	obl	_	_
24	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
26	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	cop	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
28	very	very	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	reedy	reedy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	bay	bay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Lake | Chippewa Indians |  | Indians's bark canoes |  | we *nsubj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer indian=Stimulus |
| 2 | **anchor** | participle |  | Indians's bark canoes *not said here* |  | Indians's bark canoes |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **seem** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a reedy bay |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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