---
title: The Kickapoo Indians first lived in what is now Illinois. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Kickapoo Indians first lived in what is now Illinois. Who acts: Kickapoo Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 1

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The Kickapoo Indians first lived in what is now Illinois.

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**Who acts:** Kickapoo Indians · **What happens:** live, be · **To what, where:** Illinois

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kickapoo Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:16:1
# text = The Kickapoo Indians first lived in what is now Illinois.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Kickapoo	Kickapoo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
5	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	obl	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	Illinois	illinois	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the Kickapoo Indians |  |  |  |  | what *obl*; first *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in what=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | Illinois |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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